What Is Polyamide Fabric?
Polyamide fabrics, also called nylon fabrics, were developed by the distinguished American scientist Carothers and a scientific team under his leadership, and were the first synthetic fibers to appear in the world. It was patented in the 1930s by the famous American company DuPont. It is popular with the public because of its remarkable elastic structure.
Click here to find the style you want, you can leave the detailed demand to the email, 24 hours to respond to the content immediately.
History of Polyamide Fabric.
In the mid-1930s, DuPont developed polyamide as an alternative to stockings.
During World War II, they used polyamide textiles such as polyamide as a parachute material, and the lack of fabric forced many women to make clothes from recycled parachutes.
As a result, they used polyamide in women's clothing, although it was a pure polymer version that was used in clothing for a short time. Consumers around the world soon realized that pure polyamide was not suitable for textile use.
Polyamide fabrics have low permeability and will melt if exposed to extreme temperatures.
However, when polyamide was blended with other materials, it would give it unique properties such as flexibility and silkiness, which led to the increasing use of polyamide with cotton, polyester and wool.
By 1945, polyamides accounted for 25% of the global textile market share, but interest in polyamides has diminished over time.
To date, polyamide fibers account for only 12 percent of global synthetic fiber production.
Other types of polyamide fabrics are commonly used in a variety of consumer and military applications. These include toothbrushes, combs, firearm parts and various types of food packaging.
How Is Polyamide Fabric Made?
(1) Spinning: After extruding and melting the nylon material, the melt is obtained. Then, the melt is spun into preoriented yarn and spun into deformed yarn by stretching machine.
(2) Weaving: The obtained deformed filaments are subjected to finishing, sizing and weaving operations with water jet looms to obtain blank fabrics.
(3) Dyeing: The blank fabric is first cold rolled and pile pre-treated and desizing, then dyed.
(4) Shaping: The dyed treated cloth is first shaped at high temperature and then subjected to anti-drilling coating finishing and/or micro porous wet coating finishing to obtain semi-finished products.
(5) Washing: The above obtained semi-finished products are washed with water with the addition of washing aids to obtain said nylon fabric.
Said washing auxiliaries include the following components according to weight: 10-30 parts of softener, 10-30 parts of fluffy agent, 20-40 parts of antistatic agent, 5-15 parts of silicone oil.
Here you can view the pictures and leave a message for inquiries to know more about the types and prices of mesh fabrics.
How Are Polyamide and Polyester Fabrics Different?
| Parameters |
Polyamide |
Polyester |
| Breathability |
Less or not at all breathable |
Somewhat breathable |
| Colorfastness |
Less colorfast than polyester |
Very colorfast |
| Durability |
Very durable |
Very durable |
| Moisture-Wicking |
Yes |
Yes |
| Softness |
Very soft and comfortable |
Sometimes stiff, not as soft |
| Stretchiness |
Has stretch and flexibility |
Little to no stretch |
| Warmth |
Not insulating, use as outer layer |
Very warm, use as base layer |
| Ease of Care |
Easy, avoid high heat |
Easy, avoid high heat |
| Cost |
Inexpensive |
Inexpensive |
| Uses |
Leggings, bathing suits, underwear, carpet |
Sportswear, t-shirts, bedding |
| Data source: https://silverbobbin.com/polyester-vs-polyamide |
Breathability
Polyester fabrics are generally breathable, and the small spaces between polyester fibers do allow some air circulation.
Polyamide fabric is not as breathable. It is better suited for windbreakers, down jackets or hiking wear. Natural fibers can be added and improved, such as nylon cotton.
Color fastness
Color fastness is the ability of a fabric to hold dye in the wash without fading or bleeding. It is important to note that even if each fabric is made from the same materials, they are combined in different ways. This has a lot to do with the color fastness of each fabric.
Polyester belongs to the chemical fiber, color fastness is much higher than a natural fiber, general polyester fabrics require color fastness of 3.5 grade or more. Color fastness four or more polyester fabrics, light colors when washing almost no fading, while dark colors (such as black, red, navy, etc. will have a slight fading).
Nylons usually lose color, that is because nylon in the dyeing of common dyes are neutral, or acidic, are in the surface of the nylon silk coloring. When it comes to special environment or its own color fastness is not good, it will lose color. Such as polyamide in the sunlight easily fade.
Durability
Polyester and polyamide are both very durable.
Polyester is resistant to shrinkage and wrinkles. It also does a good job at resisting stains. These qualities make polyester an excellent choice for garments that will take a lot of wear and tear.
Polyamide is a little more durable. This is because it has high abrasion resistance. Polyamide is also oleophobic, which means that it does not absorb oils and fats from sweat and does not retain odors.
Moisture wicking
Polyester fabrics have poor moisture absorption, so polyester clothing can feel stuffy when worn, while easily carrying static electricity and staining dust, which affects aesthetics and comfort. However, it is extremely easy to dry after washing, and the wet strength hardly decreases, does not deform, and has good wearable performance.
Polyamide has high moisture absorption, because of its not completely breathable characteristics, it will keep a little moisture for a period of time and not easy to dry.
Softness
Polyester is a lightweight fabric because the fabric is tightly woven together, making it stiff and uncomfortable to the touch.
Softness is one of the advantages of nylon fabrics, and this combination of softness and flexibility makes polyamide a very comfortable fabric.
Stretch
Polyester is virtually devoid of any stretch or stretch. Although polyester is heavily used in apparel, polyester fabrics are blended with fabrics that have stretch to make them more elastic.
Polyamide fibers are more flexible, and nylon fabrics have excellent elasticity and elastic recovery and are often used in sportswear.
Warmth
Polyester does not keep you warm very well, because the fabric can breathe. However, polyester can be used as a base layer for clothing and can prevent static electricity in clothing.
Polyamide is not warm, absorbs too much water, and is not insulating. It is often used as the outermost layer of clothing, and it takes longer to dry clothes than polyester.
Cost
Synthetic fabrics are usually inexpensive to produce because the fibers do not need to be harvested and processed like cotton and other natural fabrics. They are also cheap to produce. However, polyamide does cost slightly more than polyester because it is softer and more flexible.
Uses
Polyester fabrics are used for men's and women's shirts, outerwear, children's clothing, upholstery fabrics and carpets. Because of its good elasticity and fluffiness, polyester can also be used as wadding. In industry, high-strength polyester can be used as tire cord, transportation belt, fire hose, cable, fishing net, etc. It can also be used as electrical insulation material, acid-resistant filter cloth and paper blanket, etc.
Polyamide fiber is usually blended with other fibers, so that the fabric has good abrasion resistance and strength, thus more wear-resistant by wearing. Polyamide fiber can be made into elastic stockings, underwear, sweatshirts, raincoats, down jackets and rushing jackets.
Is Polyamide Fabric Breathable?
In fact, nylon fabric is not breathable, but good resilience, high strength, also wear-resistant, moisture absorption. It is more suitable for windbreaker, down jacket or mountain climbing clothes. You can add natural fibers, which will improve, such as nylon cotton material.
Is Polyamide Fabric Washable?
Nylon fabric has good abrasion resistance and resilience. Can be purely spun and blended for a variety of clothing and knitted products. Small density, light fabric, good elasticity, fatigue damage resistance, chemical stability is also very good, alkali resistance but not acid resistance. Long sunlight will become yellow, strength decline, moisture absorption is also bad, but better than acrylic, polyester.
Nylon fabric can use general detergent, the water temperature should not exceed 45 degrees. Do not rub it hard when washing, so as not to appear small hair ball. Can be lightly wrung, not to be exposed to the sun and drying, ventilation after washing and dry, low temperature steam ironing.
Color solid poor so the fabric is easy to fade, to avoid this phenomenon can be soaked in salt water for 5 minutes before washing. Ironing can not use high temperature, otherwise it will cause shrinkage of the fabric as well as sticky phenomenon.
The Different Types of Polyamides.
The main varieties of polyamide are nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 610, nylon 612, nylon 46, nylon 1010, etc.. Among them, nylon 6, nylon 66 production is the largest, accounting for about 90% or more of nylon production. Nylon 11 and nylon 12 have outstanding low-temperature toughness. Nylon 46 has excellent heat resistance and has been developed rapidly.
Nylon 6 (PA6), also known as polyamide 6, that is, polycaprolactam, from caprolactam to open the ring condensation and obtained.
Features: translucent or opaque opalescent resin, with superior mechanical properties, stiffness, toughness, wear resistance and mechanical shock absorption, good insulation and chemical resistance. It is widely used in many fields such as automotive parts, electronic and electrical zero.
Nylon 66 (PA66), also known as polyamide 66, that is, polyhexamethylene diamide.
Features: Compared with nylon 6, its mechanical strength, stiffness, heat and wear resistance, creep resistance is better, but the impact strength and mechanical shock absorption performance is reduced. It has a wide range of applications in automobiles, drones, electronics and electrical.
Nylon 1010 (PA1010), also known as polyamide 1010, or poly(sunflower diacyl koi diamine).
Features: Nylon 1010 is made of castor oil as the basic raw material, was first developed successfully and industrialized by Chinese Shanghai Celluloid Factory. Its biggest feature is highly ductile, can be drawn to 3 to 4 times the original length, and high tensile strength, excellent impact and low temperature, -60 ℃ under the non-brittle, while having excellent wear resistance, ultra-high toughness and good oil resistance, widely used in aerospace, cable, optical cable, metal or cable surface coating, etc...
Nylon 610 (PA610), also known as polyamide 610, that is, poly(sunflower diacyl hexamethylene diamine).
Features: It is translucent milky white. Its strength is between nylon 6 and nylon 66. Small specific gravity, low crystallinity, low water absorption, good dimensional stability, good wear resistance, and can be self-extinguishing. It is used for precision plastic parts, oil pipes, containers, ropes, conveyor belts, bearings, textile machinery parts, electrical and electronic insulation materials and instrument cases, etc...
Nylon 612 (PA612), also known as polyamide 612, or polydodecanoylhexanediamine.
Features: Nylon 612 is a tough nylon, density is smaller than 610, has very low water absorption, excellent wear resistance, smaller molding shrinkage, excellent resistance and dimensional stability. The most important use is to make monofilament of high-grade toothbrush and cable covering.
Nylon 11 (PA11), also known as polyamide 11, or polyundecanolactam.
Features: It is a white translucent body. Its outstanding features are low melting temperature and wide processing temperature, low water absorption, good low temperature performance, good flexibility that can be maintained at -40 ℃ ~ 120 ℃. It is mainly used for automobile oil pipeline, brake system hose, fiber optic cable covering, packaging film, daily necessities, etc.
Nylon 12 (PA12), also known as polyamide 12, that is, polydodecaamide.
Features: It is similar to nylon 11, but its density, melting point and water absorption rate are lower than nylon-11. It has the properties of combined polyamide and polyolefin due to its higher amount of toughening agent. Its outstanding features are high decomposition temperature, low water absorption and excellent low temperature resistance. It is mainly used for automobile oil pipeline, instrument panel, gas pedal, brake hose, anechoic parts of electronic appliances, and cable sheathing.
Nylon 46 (PA46), also known as polyamide 46, i.e. polyhexanediyl butadiamine.
Features: Its outstanding features are high crystallinity, high temperature resistance, high rigidity, and high strength. It is mainly used in automobile engines and peripheral parts, such as cylinder heads, cylinder bases, oil seal covers, and transmissions. It is used in the electrical industry as contactors, sockets, coil bobbins, switches and other fields that require high heat resistance and fatigue strength.
Nylon 6T (PA6T), also known as polyamide 6T, or poly(terephthaloylhexanediamine).
Features: High-temperature resistance (melting point of 370 ℃, glass transition temperature of 180 ℃, can be used at 200 ℃ for a long time), high strength, dimensional stability, good resistance to welding makes PA6T is particularly suitable for adhesion technology (SMT) with electronic connectors. Mainly used for automotive parts, oil pump cover, air filter, heat-resistant electrical components such as wire harness terminal blocks, fuses, etc.
Nylon 9T (PA9T), also known as polyamide 9T, i.e. poly(terephthaloyl nonyl diamine).
Features:: small water absorption, water absorption rate of 0.17%; good heat resistance (melting point of 308 ℃, glass transition temperature of 126 ℃), its welding temperature up to 290 ℃. It is mainly used in electronics, electrical appliances, information equipment and automobile parts.
Nylon 10T (PA10T), and polyamide 10T, that is, poly(terephthaloyl decanediamine).
Features: Very low moisture absorption, high temperature resistance, excellent toughness, rigidity and dimensional stability, good fluidity and processing properties, easy coloring, high welding fusion line strength, melting point up to 300 ~ 316 ℃, density of 1.42g/cm3. PA10T has a benzene ring and longer diamine flexible long chain, making the macromolecule has a certain degree of flexibility, which has a high crystallization rate and Crystallinity, suitable for rapid molding. It is widely used in LED reflection bracket, motor end cover, brush bracket, gear, etc.
Transparent nylon (semi-aromatic nylon), transparent nylon is an amorphous polyamide with the chemical name: poly(terephthaloyltrimethylhexanediamine).
Features: The transmittance of visible light is 85% to 90%. Its to add in nylon components with copolymerization and steric barriers to inhibit the crystallization of nylon, so as to produce non-crystalline and difficult to crystallize structure, it maintains the original strong toughness of nylon, and get transparent thick-walled products. The mechanical properties, electrical properties, mechanical strength and rigidity of transparent nylon are almost the same level as PC and polysulfone.
Nylon 1414 (PA1414), also known as polyamide 1414, p-phenylene terephthalamide.
Features: The molecule is mainly composed of benzene ring with rigidity, which is a high rigidity polymer. Its molecular structure has a high degree of symmetry and regularity, and there are strong bonds between the macromolecular chains, which makes the polymer have high strength, high modulus, high-temperature resistance, low density, low heat shrinkage, good dimensional stability, etc. It can be made into high strength and high-modulus fibers.
Nylon 1313 (PA1313), also known as polyamide 1313, is obtained by condensation of m-phenylenedicarbonyl chloride and m-phenylenediamine as monomers.
Features: Nomex has much higher mechanical properties and heat resistance than aliphatic PA (as a fiber fabric, life is 8 times longer than aliphatic PA fiber fabric, 20 times longer than cotton fabric), good heat aging resistance (250 ℃ after 2000h heat aging, surface resistivity, and volume resistance remain unchanged), in higher temperatures or wet environment can still maintain good electrical properties. It is mainly used for H-class electrical insulation materials and the preparation of high-performance fibers (HT-1 fibers).
Nylon 56 (PA56), also known as polyamide 56, is made by condensation of glutaraldehyde and adipic acid, the extraction of glutaraldehyde can come from natural organisms.
Features: Environmentally friendly, good performance, and enhances the comfort of end fabrics. Its water absorption, glass transition temperature, strength, softness, moisture absorption, and resilience are better than some products of nylon 6, nylon 66, and polyester.
Nylon 1212 (PA1212), also known as polyamide 1212, is obtained by condensation of dodecane diamine and dodecanedioic acid.
Features: PA1212 has the lowest water absorption in nylon, good dimensional stability, oil resistance, alkali resistance, good abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, good transparency, and excellent toughness at low temperatures. It is widely used in aerospace, automotive, textile, instrumentation, medical equipment, etc.
Polyamide Material Properties.
(1) Polyamide can resist weak acids, weak bases and most non-polar solvents, but polyamide does not resist strong acids, strong bases, polar solvents and solutions containing salt.
(2) Polyamide has good stability for mineral oil, animal oil and vegetable oil. When immersed in gasoline for a long time, the properties will not change and the maximum weight gain will not exceed 2%, but the resistance to chloromethane is slightly poor.
(3) The comprehensive mechanical properties of polyamide are good. The tensile strength is between 600-700 kg/cm2, and the impact resistance is mostly 100 kg/cm2 (no notch), only polyamide-9 is higher, up to 250-300 kg-cm/cm2, and the creep value of polyamide is larger.
(4) The melting point of polyamide is not high, generally between 140-280 degrees Celsius. Polyamide long-term use temperature is generally not more than 80 degrees Celsius, and short-term use temperature of up to 120 degrees Celsius, but will make the product color dark.
(6) Polyamide has good low-temperature performance. At low temperature, the strength is reduced very little.
(7) Polyamide has self-lubricating property and good wear resistance.
(8) Polyamide has sound absorption.
(9) Polyamide has good processing properties and can be cut and drilled.
(10) Polyamide products are odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and will not mold.
Polyamide Fabric Drawbacks.
1. Polyamide absorbs moisture and is more permeable to moisture, and is prone to size shift after absorbing water.
2. Weak polyamide stiffness and easy to wrinkle.
3. The anti-static property of polyamide is not good. The electric property of polyamide, because polyamide is easy to wet, it is difficult to get absolutely dry products, and its electric property changes with the most changes in water content, so in general it is not used for electrical insulation materials.
4. The heat resistance of polyamide is relatively poor.
5. The water absorption and linear expansion rate of polyamide is very large. Especially nylon-6 and nylon-66 are the most significant, the equilibrium water absorption rate in the atmosphere up to 3.5%, at room temperature immersed in water for 24 hours, its saturation water absorption rate up to 10.7%. The result of water absorption causes volume expansion, when the water absorption rate is 3.5%, the linear expansion rate is 0.65%, and when the water absorption rate is 2.3%, the dimensional stability is very poor. After water absorption, the tensile strength of the product is obviously reduced, the reduction can be 30~50%, but the toughness is better, and the impact strength can be increased 3~4 times. Absolutely dry polyamide is hard and brittle, toughness and elongation are very poor, and can not be used, but it will automatically absorb water in the air, with the addition of water absorption, its comprehensive performance has also improved. The water absorption of polyamide decreases with the increase of the carbon chain in the monomer.
Where Can I Get The Best Polyamide Fabric?
Above is the introduction of Polyamide Fabric. If you want to buy the best polyamide fabric, you can send us the details of polyamide fabric such as color, specification, quantity, application, type, etc. to our Email: [email protected]. We have a professional sales manager to contact you. G&F GROUP INC is a reliable fabric manufacturer.
All Rights Reserved: https://www.groupgf.com/info-detail/polyamide-fabric
Copyright Notice: This is an original (translated) article from G&F Group Inc., please indicate the source from G&F Group Inc.. If there is any infringement, please contact us first.
Nonwovens in daily life ----- filtration
Nonwovens in daily life ----- automotive
What is SAP – superabsorbent polymers
The Future of Global Nonwoven Wipes to 2029